CoinYQ Dossier

The Trademark, the Trust and the Client Gate

The symbol looks like a Tether product and the reserve looks like bank money. The legal promise sits elsewhere: a national trust bank issues the token, a South Dakota trust holds the assets, and only a defined Client reaches the redemption desk.

One brand, one issuer, two tokens to distinguish

Tether announced USA₮ on 2026-01-27 and lends the name, trademark and ecosystem support. Anchorage Digital Bank issues it. The distinction is contractual: Tether has no duty to redeem or guarantee USAT.

USDT remains a separate Tether International token. USAT itself has official contracts on Ethereum and Celo, while similar names and unauthorized wrappers carry no Anchorage promise.

The U.S. label is not sovereign status. The government neither issues nor guarantees it, and the token is not legal tender.

A dollar door with a Client badge

Anchorage exchanges dollars and USAT at 1:1 net of fees, but only inside an account relationship documented in writing. A wallet balance alone is not a bank account.

Everyone else meets the dollar through an exchange, dealer or another Client. Secondary-market price can depart from one dollar, and Anchorage disclaims responsibility for that liquidity.

The reserve report counts a bridge twice, then subtracts it

Issuance cash enters a segregated South Dakota reserve trust. The policy generally bars lending, pledging and rehypothecation, while allowing third-party depositories and custodians. Anchorage is both issuer and trustee.

The July 31 report found $175,906,606 of cash and Treasury-collateralized reverse repos against 175,245,527 redeemable tokens. It also showed why supply is not a single explorer number: 40,556 Ethereum tokens were locked to mint 40,556 on Celo, then subtracted to avoid counting both.

The accountant examined management's assertion at one timestamp. It did not opine on legal compliance, contracts or whether internal controls operate effectively.

Regulated money still has an administrator

Anchorage may restrict or refuse issuance and redemption and freeze, block, seize or burn USAT associated with specified persons, accounts or addresses, including non-Clients, where it identifies or reasonably suspects prohibited, unlawful or high-risk activity, or under lawful court, regulatory or other governmental orders.

The bank chooses supported chains and recognized forks. A token can keep moving on a blockchain while issuer services stop, and a wrapper can look like USAT without a redemption right. The unresolved layer is who currently holds each contract role and approval threshold. Holding supplies no yield, equity, vote, deposit insurance or trademark right.

How the project changed

  1. 2025-07-18
    The GENIUS Act was signed into U.S. law, creating the federal framework cited for USAT.

    The GENIUS Act was signed into U.S. law, creating the federal framework cited for USAT.

  2. 2025-09-12
    Tether announced the planned USA₮ brand, Anchorage issuer and U.S. focus.

    Tether announced the planned USA₮ brand, Anchorage issuer and U.S. focus.

  3. 2025-12-01
    Anchorage's USAT policy became effective.

    Anchorage's USAT policy became effective.

  4. 2026-01-27
    USA₮ formally launched with Anchorage Digital Bank as issuer.

    USA₮ formally launched with Anchorage Digital Bank as issuer.

  5. 2026-01-31
    The first reserve snapshot reported 17,501,391 redeemable USAT and $17,604,716 of assets.

    The first reserve snapshot reported 17,501,391 redeemable USAT and $17,604,716 of assets.

  6. 2026-04-14
    tether.wallet launched with USAT support on Ethereum.

    tether.wallet launched with USAT support on Ethereum.

  7. 2026-07-31
    The latest published snapshot reviewed here added Celo and reported 175,245,527 redeemable USAT.

    The latest published snapshot reviewed here added Celo and reported 175,245,527 redeemable USAT.

  8. 2026-08-21
    Anchorage updated the issuance, redemption, reserve and control policy.

    Anchorage updated the issuance, redemption, reserve and control policy.

  9. 2026-08-28
    The accountant signed the July report and expressed a point-in-time opinion on management's assertion.

    The accountant signed the July report and expressed a point-in-time opinion on management's assertion.

Evidence and primary sources

Last evidence review: 2026-09-04

What is USAT?

USA₮ is a dollar payment stablecoin launched on 2026-01-27. The official Ethereum contract is 0x07041776f5007ACa2A54844F50503a18A72A8b68; Celo uses 0xD2ab3C9A02DBBAB236BfEC45D1d755DF4267F771. It is distinct from USDT and from unrelated tokens using USA or USAT-like tickers.

The brand is a three-party arrangement. Anchorage Digital Bank, N.A. is sole issuer, reserve trustee and only redemption obligor. Tether Operations owns and licenses the USA₮ trademark and supports technology and distribution, but explicitly does not issue, redeem or guarantee the token. Third-party custodians and service providers act under agreements with Anchorage and do not inherit its redemption obligation.

What problem does USAT solve?

The public slogan says one token is always redeemable for one dollar. The legal policy adds a subject: Anchorage issues and redeems at 1:1, net of fees, only for Clients in good standing with written account agreements. Holding USAT in a self-custody wallet or on an exchange does not create that bank relationship. The policy statement itself says it is not a contract or promise and creates no rights or remedies; the written account agreement governs the Client relationship.

A non-Client can sell or transfer in secondary markets. Anchorage does not guarantee their price or liquidity, so a market holder's route to a dollar normally depends on another buyer or intermediary with issuer access. The one-dollar reserve target supports that market, but it is not the same as every wallet having a direct claim procedure.

Monthly attestations are point-in-time examinations of management's reserve report. The accountant expressly does not test compliance with law or customer contracts, or the design and operating effectiveness of controls. A clean reserve comparison is strong evidence for its date, not an audit of every operational and legal promise.

How does USAT work?

For an approved Client, Anchorage receives dollars, issues USAT 1:1 net of fees and conveys issuance proceeds into the USAT Reserve Trust. The South Dakota express trust is segregated from the bank's general assets; policy bars lending, pledging or rehypothecation except in limited circumstances permitted by law, such as facilitating lawful redemption. Anchorage acts as trustee and may use third-party banks, custodians and asset managers.

At 2026-07-31, redeemable USAT totaled 175,245,527 against $175,906,606 of reserve assets: $17,507,606 cash and $158,399,000 of reverse repos collateralized by U.S. Treasuries, leaving $661,079 surplus. The report separately removed 40,556 bridge-locked Ethereum tokens backing 40,556 native Celo tokens from redeemable supply to prevent double counting.

The bank also holds compliance and network powers. It may delay or refuse service and freeze, block, seize or burn tokens linked to specified addresses, including non-Clients, when it identifies or reasonably suspects prohibited, unlawful or high-risk activity, or acts under lawful governmental orders. Anchorage chooses supported chains and the recognized fork; unauthorized wrappers or tokens on a withdrawn chain are not redeemable. Current smart-contract admin keys, role thresholds and service-provider allocations were not independently resolved here.

Key facts

  • Ethereum contract: 0x07041776f5007ACa2A54844F50503a18A72A8b68; Celo: 0xD2ab3C9A02DBBAB236BfEC45D1d755DF4267F771.
  • Anchorage Digital Bank is sole issuer and redemption obligor; Tether licenses the trademark and is not the issuer.
  • Direct 1:1 issuance and redemption, net of fees, is limited to Anchorage Clients in good standing.
  • The reserve sits in a segregated South Dakota express trust with Anchorage as trustee.
  • July 31, 2026: 175,245,527 redeemable USAT and $175,906,606 reserves, a $661,079 surplus.
  • July reserves were $17,507,606 cash and $158,399,000 Treasury-collateralized reverse repos.
  • USAT pays no holder yield; Anchorage retains reserve earnings.
  • Anchorage may freeze, block, seize or burn USAT and decides supported chains and forks.

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Frequently asked questions

Is USAT the same token as USDT?

No. USAT is issued by Anchorage Digital Bank under separate reserves and redemption rules. USDT is issued by Tether International. Tether's trademark and technology role does not merge them.

Can any USAT holder redeem one token for one dollar?

Not directly. Anchorage redeems only for Clients in good standing under written account agreements. Non-Clients must use secondary markets or intermediaries, whose liquidity and pricing are not guaranteed.

What backed USAT at July 31, 2026?

The report listed $17,507,606 cash and $158,399,000 Treasury-collateralized reverse repos against 175,245,527 redeemable tokens, for a $661,079 surplus.

Is USAT a bank deposit or government digital dollar?

No. It is not legal tender, U.S.-government issued or guaranteed, and it has no FDIC, NCUA or SIPC protection.

Does USAT pay interest or confer governance?

No. Anchorage retains reserve earnings. Holding USAT conveys no interest, profit, dividend, equity, governance or voting rights.

Are wrapped USAT tokens redeemable?

Only Anchorage-designated USAT on a supported chain is USAT for its policy. Unauthorized wrapped, bridged or abandoned-fork tokens are not redeemable by the bank.

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