CoinYQ Dossier

Wrapped M kept its address while M0 changed the way out

M0 created wM because its yield-bearing M balance did not fit neatly into ordinary DeFi accounting. The August 2024 wrapper fixed the balance and moved yield into a claim. Two years later, M0 upgraded the same proxy: V2 preserved holders' address and balances but made SwapFacility the only contract-level door between wM and M and added compliance-style controls. The history of wM is therefore a change in what the same address can do.

A common issuer network produced a token DeFi could not treat as ordinary

M0 put its core protocol and Two-Token Governor on Ethereum on May 7, 2024. When the Foundation announced the launch a month later, the first Minter and Validator had been admitted and minting was still described as limited availability. The design separated jobs: Minters brought short-term Treasury collateral through special-purpose vehicles, Validators signed its value, and governance admitted the actors.

M was supposed to be the shared dollar across those issuers. Yet its most useful feature for approved earners—an index that continuously increased visible balances—made it a difficult building block for pools whose accounting assumes balances move after explicit transfers. Wrapped M arrived on August 14 as a translation layer. It held M, showed a fixed ERC-20 balance, and let qualified yield appear only when claimed.

M0 used the same proxy for a more governed second version

The first wrapper solved rebasing, but M0 later built a wider family of Extensions that had to move into and out of M through common infrastructure. On July 31, 2026, the Ethereum proxy was upgraded to V2. The address did not change, while the account ledger moved from last-index tracking to principal-based accounting and existing earning positions were migrated.

V2 made the yield ledger more explicit: an approved wallet could name a recipient and governance could supply an override. It also added pause, freeze and forced-transfer roles. The migration Safe received DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, so it can grant or revoke those operating roles; a separate public migration route follows a Registrar-selected migrator and was unset at the snapshot. The rendered guide goes further and describes an EarnerManager and fees, but the deployed V2 interface has neither. That mismatch matters because these were changes to the asset holders already owned, not features of a newly distributed replacement token.

The wrapper became easier to integrate and harder to describe as an open exit

Current source sends both directions through SwapFacility. The wrapper itself accepts wrap or unwrap only from that facility, and the facility checks an M-swapper permission before moving between non-permissioned wM and M. Ordinary ERC-20 transfers remain a different action. This is the consequence of making wM one component in a larger extension network: a common conversion rail also became a permission boundary.

After conversion, M is still the token of the underlying issuance system. Burning M against a Minter reduces that Minter’s debt but does not hand the burner Treasury bills. The next change that matters for a wM holder is therefore concrete: who receives M-swapper access, what redemption service those actors offer, and whether V2 controls are used. The stable proxy address alone cannot answer those questions.

How the project changed

  1. 2024-05-07
    M0 core and its two-token governor reach Ethereum

    The protocol contracts and governance system go live; governance initializes parameters and admits the first Minter and Validator.

  2. 2024-06-05
    M0 announces limited issuance through its first Minter

    The launch account describes M minting and redemption as live but limited, with short-term Treasury collateral held through a Minter structure and checked by Validators.

  3. 2024-08-14
    Wrapped M translates the rebasing dollar for DeFi

    M0 deploys the Ethereum wM proxy so M can be represented by a fixed-balance, six-decimal ERC-20 with separately claimed yield.

  4. 2026-07-31
    V2 changes the contract behind the existing proxy

    The successful upgrade points the proxy to a new implementation and migrates earning accounting while adding SwapFacility routing and administrative controls.

  5. 2026-08-03
    MXON uses V2 to freeze a batch of accounts

    A successful Ethereum transaction emits Frozen events for exactly 100 addresses, showing the new account-control path in operation.

Evidence and primary sources

Last evidence review: 2026-09-05

What is WrappedM by M0?

Wrapped M, or wM, is the six-decimal, non-rebasing ERC-20 form of M0's M token. This catalog entry is anchored to Ethereum proxy 0x437cc33344a0B27A429f795ff6B469C72698B291. M itself uses an index so approved earning balances grow; wM keeps the number stored in a wallet still and records eligible yield separately. M0 Extensions are other branded stablecoins built on the same foundation, not alternate names for wM.

The wrapper holds M and creates or destroys wM as conversion occurs. M, in turn, is minted by governance-approved institutional Minters after Validators attest offchain collateral. M0's website says the accepted collateral was short-term U.S. Treasuries at launch, but neither that statement nor wM's internal solvency equation gives a wM holder title to Treasury bills.

M0 Foundation operates the website and supports the ecosystem, yet its terms expressly say they apply only to the website and not to M or Protocol Actors. No wM-specific agreement reviewed here names the Foundation as an issuer that must redeem every wallet for cash. wM records a token balance corresponding to the M recorded by the wrapper; possession alone does not authorize direct conversion to M or create a claim on offchain collateral.

What problem does WrappedM by M0 solve?

M0 launched M as a common dollar for a federation of issuers. Its rebasing option made eligible balances grow automatically, but that behavior was awkward for lending pools and automated market makers that expect an ERC-20 balance to change only after a transaction. Wrapped M, deployed on August 14, 2024, separated those jobs: the wallet balance could stay fixed while yield accumulated in another ledger.

That first answer created a second problem. As M0 added application-specific Extensions, conversion could no longer be treated as a private two-token function with unchanged assumptions. The V2 upgrade in July 2026 kept wM’s address and balances but changed the account model, added explicit claim recipients, and placed wrapping and unwrapping behind the shared SwapFacility. Integrations gained a common route; users now need to distinguish free ERC-20 transfer from permissioned access back to M.

How does WrappedM by M0 work?

Under the current V2 code, a conversion starts at SwapFacility. For M to wM, the facility takes M, calls the wrapper and mints the same token amount to the recipient. For wM to M, it takes wM, the wrapper burns it and sends M back through the facility. wM is currently an approved, non-permissioned Extension, but the facility still requires its M_SWAPPER_ROLE for M-to-extension and extension-to-M paths. The wrapper's own wrap and unwrap functions accept calls only from that facility, so possession alone does not make a wallet an authorized direct converter.

New wM accounts do not earn by default. At the September 5 snapshot the Registrar’s earners_list_ignored key was zero, so an account had to appear on the approved-earners list before anyone could start earning for it. Registrar governance can set that key nonzero and bypass the individual list. The balance stays static while principal follows the M index; claimFor realizes accumulated yield and sends it to the account’s chosen recipient, a Registrar governance override or the account itself. Current V2 source contains no EarnerManager or per-account fee path, despite those features appearing in the rendered M0 guide.

The July 31 upgrade points the Ethereum proxy to implementation 0x6D9DB63aFCCF515f393D5e65Be69d38Bb3B29D13. On September 5, 2026 the token was unpaused, earning was enabled globally and total supply was 83,596,034.308359 wM. The one-of-two MXON Safe was both immutable migrationAdmin and DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE holder, so it could run migrate(address) and grant or revoke the freeze, pause, forced-transfer and excess-manager roles. A second no-argument migrate() is callable by anyone but only executes the migrator selected through the Registrar; that key was zero at the snapshot, so the route then reverted. Separate live roles could pause transfers, freeze accounts, force balances out of frozen accounts and change the excess destination. These are current V2 controls, whereas the audit list for Wrapped M covers reviews from July and August 2024. The migration admin was Safe 0xf7298F047F92d0Eb21231478Ef6ba9FE1eCD4c73 with two owners and threshold one; EOA 0x4F1cf2449B4D07bD86Fd57709B1695C11D8314F2 held freeze, pause and forced-transfer roles. A successful August 3 transaction emitted Frozen events for exactly 100 addresses, so account control was used rather than merely available in source.

Key facts

  • M0 deployed its core protocol and Two-Token Governor on Ethereum on May 7, 2024, then announced limited M minting and redemption through its first permissioned Minter on June 5.
  • Wrapped M was deployed on Ethereum on August 14, 2024 at proxy 0x437cc33344a0B27A429f795ff6B469C72698B291.
  • wM uses six decimals and a static ERC-20 balance; underlying M can rebase for governance-approved earning accounts.
  • The Ethereum proxy upgraded to V2 on July 31, 2026 without changing the wM token address.
  • V2 wrapper conversion goes only through SwapFacility 0xB6807116b3B1B321a390594e31ECD6e0076f6278; its current M paths require an authorized M swapper.
  • Individual wM balances earn nothing by default. At the snapshot, earners_list_ignored was zero and V2 required Registrar-list approval; governance can set that key nonzero and bypass the list. The deployed interface contains no EarnerManager or managed-claim fee path despite the official guide’s description.
  • On September 5, 2026 the Ethereum supply was 83,596,034.308359 wM; wrapping and unwrapping change supply, and the reviewed materials state no fixed maximum.
  • The current implementation exposes pause, account freeze, forced transfer and two migration routes. The one-of-two MXON Safe can run migrate(address) and, as DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, grant or revoke operational roles; permissionless migrate() uses a Registrar-selected migrator, which was unset at the snapshot.
  • Burning M through MinterGateway repays a chosen Minter debt; it does not pay Treasury collateral to the burner.
  • M0 Foundation website terms do not govern M or Protocol Actors, and the reviewed sources do not give every wM holder a direct contractual cash redemption against the Foundation.
  • At the review snapshot, a one-of-two MXON Safe controlled migration, while one MXON EOA held freeze, pause and forced-transfer roles; exactly 100 Frozen events were emitted on August 3, 2026.

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Frequently asked questions

Why does Wrapped M exist if M already tracks one dollar?

M can increase an approved earner’s token balance as its index rises. Many DeFi contracts expect a fixed ERC-20 balance. wM keeps that balance static and makes eligible yield a separate claim, so integrations can use conventional accounting.

Can any wM holder unwrap directly to M?

Not through the current V2 contracts merely by holding wM. The wrapper accepts wrap and unwrap calls only from SwapFacility, and the facility requires an authorized M swapper for its current wM-to-M path. A holder may still transfer or trade wM, while an authorized route can perform the conversion.

Does every wM wallet earn the yield on M?

No. New accounts are non-earning. At the snapshot the Registrar’s global ignore key was zero, so V2 checked its approved-earners list. Anyone may start earning for an approved account; governance can set the key nonzero to ignore the list, and an account that loses approval can be stopped while the list applies. The deployed interface has no EarnerManager fee mechanism.

Can I redeem wM for Treasury bills or bank dollars?

The contracts describe wM-to-M conversion and M debt burning, not delivery of Treasury collateral to every holder. Any offchain cash redemption offered by a Minter is a separate service under that actor’s eligibility and terms; no universal Foundation obligation was found in the reviewed documents.

What changed in the 2026 V2 upgrade?

It preserved the proxy address, moved earning accounts to principal accounting, added explicit claim recipients and routed conversion through SwapFacility. It also added pause, freeze and forced transfer. The migration Safe can grant or revoke those roles and run migrate(address); a public migrate() needs a Registrar-selected migrator, which was unset at the snapshot. Deployed V2 has no EarnerManager fee path.

Do the 2024 audits cover the current code?

The M0 audit index dates the named Wrapped M reviews to July and August 2024. The proxy moved to V2 in July 2026. Those reports remain evidence about the earlier design but do not by themselves certify the later implementation.

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