Privacy Blockchain

Monero (XMR) is the native coin of a proof-of-work network that makes recipient addresses, sender selection and amounts less visible through one-time outputs, 16-member rings and RingCT. It launched from a new genesis in April 2014 using forked Bytecoin code, then repeatedly changed its privacy rules. Current mainnet remains on the 2022 v16 rules; FCMP++ and CARROT are still development work.

Canton Coin (CC) is the public utility token of the Global Synchronizer, one synchronization service inside Canton’s privacy-enabled network of financial applications. Its balances are public, its supply changes through governed reward minting and fee burns, and holding it grants usage rights rather than a claim on Digital Asset, Canton Foundation or assets issued by Canton applications.

Beldex began as a Monero-derived privacy chain and switched to masternode proof of stake in 2021. Its native privacy and issuance rules are visible in code, while foundation rewards, application claims and EVM bridges add separate trust boundaries.

NIGHT is Midnight’s public 24-billion-unit token; DUST is its private, non-transferable fee resource. NIGHT began on Cardano before Midnight mainnet went live in March 2026. The production chain still uses federated governance and up to 13 permissioned nodes, while community voting, Treasury spending and validator rewards remain phased features.

Tezos is a self-amending proof-of-stake blockchain whose native tez (XTZ) pays fees, secures baking and carries delegate voting power. Its protocol can replace itself after a five-period baker vote; staking and delegation assign different reward, lock and slashing rights, while Etherlink runs as a separately governed EVM Smart Rollup above Tezos layer 1.

Humanity Protocol turns palm print or vein checks into reusable credentials and uses H for fees, staking and proposed governance. Its privacy white paper and binding policy describe different biometric-data paths; H ownership neither owns an identity nor guarantees yield, votes, redemption or company rights.

Starknet is a general-purpose Ethereum validity rollup whose Cairo execution is proven with STARKs and settled through Ethereum contracts. It is separate from StarkEx, StarkWare’s application-specific scaling service. STRK now pays all Starknet transaction fees, supports delegation and phase-2 validator attestation, and carries protocol voting power; it is not equity or a claim on StarkWare or the Foundation. The network has distributed sequencing components and a live S-two prover, but block production, proving and upgrade control have not yet reached the permissionless end state described in its roadmap.

Zano is a privacy-first layer-one where standard transactions hide sender, receiver, amount and asset type. Its live hybrid PoW/Zarcanum consensus, uncapped issuance and issuer-controlled Confidential Assets make privacy distinct from ownership and governance rights.

Mina's famous 22KB is a proof of the latest state, not a zip file containing every payment. Producers still need ledger state, archives keep history, and SNARK workers sell proof labor. That division made a small verifier possible—and made MINA an uncapped reward currency for the larger machine behind it.

Concordium requires an approved off-chain identity before a regular account is created, then divides exceptional disclosure among courts, two of three Privacy Guardians and the identity provider. CCD is currently minted at 4% a year; holders elect seven of nine Governance Committee members, while the Foundation Board remains the final approver in the published framework.

Oasis grew from Dawn Song’s privacy-computing research into a proof-of-stake network with separate ParaTimes. Sapphire moved from testnet to mainnet in 2022, OPL connected its confidentiality to other chains in 2023, and ROFL took attested code off-chain in 2025—without making hardware, keys or external data automatically trustworthy.

DUSK moved from Ethereum and BSC onto its own mainnet in January 2025. It pays gas and supports staking, but privacy depends on network operations: the Rusk 1.7 Boreas restart paused new Phoenix transactions while Moonlight stayed available. Published sources establish neither binding holder votes over upgrades nor claims on assets issued by network users.