Starknet Ecosystem

USDC began as Circle and Coinbase’s shared Centre standard. A US$3.3 billion SVB exposure tested its bank-dependent redemption path in 2023; Circle later took sole control of issuance while reserve assurance, company audit and holder redemption remained distinct promises.

Chainlink grew because Sergey Nazarov and Steve Ellis kept narrowing one awkward question: who tells a smart contract what happened outside its chain? A 2017 oracle paper became live feeds, verifiable randomness, offchain reporting, cross-chain messaging and a programmable runtime. LINK pays and backs selected services, but the token does not elect every operator, govern every contract or turn service revenue into a holder dividend.

PayPal put a familiar checkout brand on a public-chain dollar in 2023, but Paxos issues PYUSD, manages its reserve and operates chain-specific supply and intervention controls. Its later spread across seven native networks turned a wallet feature into payment infrastructure while keeping redemption and rewards subject to separate rulebooks.

eurSAFO is a tokenized registered share of a French UCITS sub-fund, not a stablecoin or bank deposit. Its return comes from a collateralized total return swap, while ownership, redemption, allowlisting and contract administration remain institutionally controlled.

EUTBL is the EUR share of a French UCITS short-term VNAV money-market sub-fund, recorded as permissioned tokens on public ledgers. Holders have proportional rights in the fund, while subscriptions, transfers and redemptions remain governed by the prospectus, allowlisting and fund operators.

Starknet is a general-purpose Ethereum validity rollup whose Cairo execution is proven with STARKs and settled through Ethereum contracts. It is separate from StarkEx, StarkWare’s application-specific scaling service. STRK now pays all Starknet transaction fees, supports delegation and phase-2 validator attestation, and carries protocol voting power; it is not equity or a claim on StarkWare or the Foundation. The network has distributed sequencing components and a live S-two prover, but block production, proving and upgrade control have not yet reached the permissionless end state described in its roadmap.

USTBL is a USD share in a French UCITS money-market fund whose shareholder register runs on public blockchains. Its daily NAV can resemble a yield token, but ownership, eligibility and redemption still pass through a regulated fund and permissioned operators.

SAFO is Spiko Dollar, the USD share of the Spiko Amundi Overnight Swap Fund. Spiko added bank swaps to its Treasury-bill product range in March 2026, then extended the fund into euro collateral lending; dollar-share returns, fund votes and redemption timing remain distinct from that lending market.

Dog (Bitcoin) is the brand around DOG•GO•TO•THE•MOON, Rune 840000:3. Its 100 billion units were etched as a closed premine in Bitcoin’s halving block and distributed to the Runestone community; no token contract, staking module or shareholder register sits behind it. Ownership lives in Bitcoin outputs interpreted by Runes indexers, while Solana and Starknet DOG contracts add separate bridge and administrator questions.