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Safe (formerly Gnosis Safe) is open-source, modular smart-account infrastructure and a wallet for self-custody of on-chain assets. Its core account is a smart contract rather than an EOA, enabling programmable authorization. Safe Infrastructure is the developer stack, while Safe{Wallet} is the user-facing interface. The ecosystem also includes SAFE, an ERC-20 token associated with SafeDAO governance and coordination. SAFE is distinct from Safe account contracts and is not required to operate one.

Single-key EOAs expose users to seed-phrase loss or compromise and provide limited native support for multiple approvers, policy controls, recovery and batching. Organizations also need auditable, multichain treasury operations and role separation. Safe addresses these needs with contract-enforced M-of-N authorization, modular policy controls and on-chain execution. These controls do not remove risks from signers, phishing, modules, contracts or chains.

A Safe smart account stores owners and a signature threshold on-chain. A proposed transaction includes destination, value, calldata, gas/payment parameters and a Safe nonce; enough valid owner signatures must satisfy the threshold before execution. Safe accounts are deployed through a factory/proxy pattern pointing to versioned singleton implementations. Official deployments publish versioned ABIs, bytecode hashes and network addresses, and exact release commits matter for deterministic addresses. Modules extend behavior, guards check transactions, fallback handlers add interfaces, and MultiSend batches operations. SAFE is an ERC-20 with symbol SAFE, 18 decimals and a fixed 1,000,000,000 supply; it starts non-transferable except for its owner and unpause makes transfers permanently enabled. The contract has no inflation/minting or burn logic.