CoinYQ Dossier

Sky's Hard Fork Was Institutional: A New Name, Then a One-Way Vote

Maker became Sky in 2024, briefly put its own new identity back before voters, and then made the deeper break in May 2025: MKR stopped governing while SKY and Chief V3 took over. The migration preserved a gross 1-to-24,000 conversion ratio but made the route one-way and time-penalized. Understanding SKY therefore means separating inherited Maker machinery from new token controls—and separating governance from USDS, savings products and the Sky.money interface.

The orange stablecoin machine underneath the blue pinwheel

Sky's history did not begin with the SKY contract. Maker's official white paper traces the project to 2015, the first formal Dai system to December 2017 and Multi-Collateral Dai to November 2019. Those stages built the vault, collateral, debt and liquidation machinery that later branding inherited. Calling Sky a 2024 startup would erase the system whose risk and revenue it still organizes.

That inheritance also carries scars. The March 2020 Black Thursday failure, when keeper competition broke down during market and network stress, belongs to Maker's era, not to a token that did not yet exist. It still matters to a SKY reader because governance today steers descendants of those risk modules. A new name did not reset protocol history.

Launch Season changed the signs before governance settled the name

The September 2024 Launch Season proposal was a bundle rather than a logo swap. It introduced USDS as upgraded DAI, SKY as upgraded MKR, sUSDS for the Sky Savings Rate, two converter paths and a Smart Burn Engine migration.

DAI and MKR did not vanish at launch. The design created bridges between an established system and new assets so adoption could happen without an overnight ledger replacement.

Less than two months later, Poll 1151 asked voters whether to keep Sky or recenter Maker. The proposal page described three paths with different consequences for the backend name, MKR, SKY and future migration. CoinYQ does not infer the vote result from that options page. Its importance is the documented hesitation: brand continuity remained unsettled even after the product contracts were live.

May 19 closed the ballot box to MKR; September began charging delay

The decisive identity change arrived through governance plumbing. The May 19, 2025 spell moved active voting to SKY and Chief V3. Current documentation describes the old Maker portal as a place to withdraw MKR from legacy delegation and Chief V2, while the Sky portal accepts SKY voting. MKR can still exist and trade, but it no longer carries the protocol ballot it once held.

Converter V2 makes the transition asymmetric. One MKR produces a gross 24,000 SKY, then the contract subtracts its current fee, burns the MKR and transfers SKY already held by the converter. There is no protocol reverse function. The delayed-upgrade penalty started at 1% on September 18, 2025 and was scheduled to increase every three months unless governance intervened. The famous ratio is therefore an input to a formula, not a promise of the net amount a late upgrader receives.

Four tokens and one website do not confer the same rights

SKY, USDS, sUSDS and stUSDS sit in one ecosystem but encode different positions. SKY enters governance and staking. USDS targets one dollar and serves as protocol credit. sUSDS is an ERC-4626 savings position whose redemption value changes with the governance-set savings rate. stUSDS supplies a specialized pool for loans backed by staked SKY. Merging those labels into a single 'yield token' story would assign stablecoin and lending rights to the wrong asset.

The interface is another layer. Skybase International says it operates Sky.money without custodying assets or controlling protocol parameters. A SKY holder can use that frontend to stake, delegate or borrow, but executable governance runs through onchain contracts. Voting power must be activated through locking or staking; a passive wallet balance does not vote by itself, and access through a polished interface does not turn Skybase into the issuer of every protocol obligation.

A capped-supply sentence meets a contract that still knows how to mint

Sky's August 2026 token guide says new emissions are permanently disabled and maximum supply is capped near 23.46 billion. It also says staking rewards now come from protocol-surplus-funded purchases rather than new issuance. Those are clear current-state claims, and the live token supply shown by an explorer is consistent with a finite figure at the reviewed moment.

The verified SKY code, however, still contains `mint`, `rely` and `deny`; minting depends on addresses recorded as authorized wards. Code capability is not the same as active authority, and an empty or irreversibly constrained ward set could make that path unusable. This review did not reconstruct every authorization event and current ward. The prudent conclusion is narrower than either slogan: current materials describe a cap and no new emissions, while a holder who needs code-level immutability should verify the live authorization state and governance execution path.

How the project changed

  1. 2015
    The Maker project begins

    Developers start the work that later becomes the collateralized Dai and Sky credit system.

  2. 2019-11
    Multi-Collateral Dai goes live

    Maker moves beyond the original single-collateral design, establishing the system Sky later inherits.

  3. 2024-09-18
    Sky Launch Season opens the new token paths

    USDS, SKY, sUSDS and the conversion infrastructure arrive alongside the existing Maker assets.

  4. 2024-11-04
    Voters reconsider the brand

    A formal poll presents keeping Sky and two Maker-recentering options, documenting post-launch identity uncertainty.

  5. 2025-05-19
    Chief V3 takes the governance mandate

    The migration spell makes SKY the active voting token and relegates MKR governance contracts to legacy withdrawals.

  6. 2025-09-18
    Waiting begins to reduce converter output

    A 1% delayed-upgrade penalty starts, with scheduled one-point increases every three months unless governance changes it.

  7. 2026-08-18
    Sky publishes a capped-supply account

    The current token guide says emissions are disabled and staking rewards use surplus-funded market purchases rather than new minting.

Evidence and primary sources

Last evidence review: 2026-09-04

What is Sky?

Sky Protocol is the onchain credit and stablecoin system formerly known as Maker. Its technical lineage reaches back to the Maker project in 2015, Single-Collateral Dai in 2017 and Multi-Collateral Dai in 2019. The 2024 Sky launch added new names and contracts—SKY, USDS and sUSDS—on top of that operating history rather than creating an unrelated network.

SKY is the Ethereum governance token now used with Chief V3 and the Staking Engine. USDS is the protocol's dollar-targeting stablecoin; sUSDS records a savings position; stUSDS funds a specialized SKY-backed lending pool. Those tokens do different jobs and none should be described as a share in the others.

Sky.money is the non-custodial web interface operated by Skybase International. The operator says it does not control Sky Protocol contracts or governance. That separation matters: a user can interact through a company-run interface, while parameter changes and executable upgrades travel through the protocol's governance contracts.

What problem does Sky solve?

Maker's original names carried years of protocol history but also a dense collection of vault, savings, liquidation and governance interfaces. The 2024 Launch Season tried to reorganize that system around a new user-facing stablecoin and savings path without discarding DAI or the underlying credit engine. A formal vote only weeks later considered restoring the Maker brand, revealing that identity was a governance problem as well as a marketing decision.

The 2025 upgrade resolved a more consequential question: which token could actually govern. Active voting moved from MKR and Chief V2 to SKY and Chief V3, and the new converter made the upgrade one-way. The gross 1-to-24,000 ratio survived, but a time-based fee means a late holder receives less than the headline amount.

Sky now also has to keep product claims separate from token rights. Protocol surplus can fund savings and SKY staking rewards, and staked SKY can support USDS borrowing, but rates can change and borrowing can liquidate collateral. None of those mechanics creates equity in the interface operator, a fixed dividend, or ownership of the assets backing USDS.

How does Sky work?

SKY is an 18-decimal ERC-20 at 0x56072C95FAA701256059aa122697B133aDEd9279. To vote, a holder locks or stakes SKY in the current governance path and can vote directly or delegate power. Chief V3 records support for executable proposals that can change risk parameters, rates, collateral settings and protocol modules after the applicable governance process.

MKR migration uses Converter V2 at 0xA1Ea1bA18E88C381C724a75F23a130420C403f9a. The contract multiplies MKR by an immutable rate of 24,000, subtracts a ward-configurable fee, burns the incoming MKR and transfers pre-funded SKY. It offers no protocol function to turn SKY back into MKR, and authorized governance can change the fee and collect accumulated SKY fees.

SKY does not issue USDS simply because it sits in a wallet. The credit system mints stablecoin debt through approved protocol modules and collateral paths. USDS targets one dollar; sUSDS is an ERC-4626 savings position whose redemption value changes with the Sky Savings Rate; stUSDS is a different pool whose returns and liquidity depend on SKY-backed borrowing.

The August 2026 Sky guide says new SKY emissions are disabled and maximum supply is capped near 23.46 billion. The verified token source still exposes `mint`, `rely` and `deny` behind a ward authorization mapping. This review confirmed the code and live contract address but did not independently enumerate every current ward, so the cap is reported as the protocol's current-state claim rather than a code-level absence of mint capability.

Key facts

  • Sky inherited the Maker credit system whose official history begins in 2015; it was not a new chain launched in 2024.
  • The September 2024 launch introduced SKY, USDS, sUSDS and conversion contracts while DAI remained in the wider system.
  • Sky.money is a non-custodial interface operated by Skybase International, a layer distinct from protocol governance and contracts.
  • The May 19, 2025 governance upgrade moved active voting from MKR/Chief V2 to SKY/Chief V3.
  • Converter V2 is one-way: its gross rate is 1 MKR to 24,000 SKY, and it burns incoming MKR while transferring pre-funded SKY.
  • A delayed-upgrade fee began at 1% on September 18, 2025 and was scheduled to rise by one percentage point every three months unless governance changed it.
  • SKY governs; USDS is the stablecoin; sUSDS represents savings-rate access; stUSDS funds a specialized SKY-backed lending pool.
  • Voting requires SKY to enter the current governance or staking path; holding it passively in a wallet does not itself cast a vote.
  • Official 2026 material says supply is capped near 23.46 billion and emissions are disabled, while the verified token code retains ward-gated mint and authorization functions.
  • SKY staking rewards are described as surplus-funded market purchases; reward and borrowing rates are variable, and USDS borrowing can liquidate staked SKY.

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Frequently asked questions

Was MakerDAO replaced by a completely new protocol?

No. Sky is the current identity and governance layer of the protocol lineage that began as Maker. The 2024 launch deployed new SKY, USDS and savings contracts, while the underlying history, collateral engine and many existing components continued. Sky.money is a separate interface operated by Skybase International.

Can MKR still vote in Sky governance?

Current official documentation says no. The May 2025 upgrade made SKY the active governance token in Chief V3. The legacy Maker portal remains available for withdrawing MKR from older delegation and Chief V2 positions, while voting takes place through the Sky path.

Does one MKR always produce exactly 24,000 SKY?

24,000 is the converter's gross rate. Converter V2 subtracts the current delayed-upgrade fee, so the net amount is lower after the penalty began. The fee is a governance-controlled live parameter and should be read from the contract or interface before a transaction. Conversion is one-way inside the protocol.

Are SKY, USDS and sUSDS interchangeable?

No. SKY carries protocol governance and can be staked. USDS is the dollar-targeting stablecoin. sUSDS is a value-accruing savings position backed by USDS, and stUSDS funds a distinct SKY-backed lending pool. SKY ownership is not ownership of USDS collateral or a claim on savings income.

Is SKY supply technically impossible to increase?

The current official guide says maximum supply is capped near 23.46 billion and new emissions are disabled. The verified deployed code nevertheless contains an authorization-gated mint function. CoinYQ did not fully enumerate the live ward set in this review, so users evaluating immutability should verify current authorization state onchain.

Does staking SKY guarantee a return?

No. Current materials say staking rewards are funded from protocol surplus through market purchases, and governance determines program terms. Rates can change or end. Borrowing USDS against staked SKY adds liquidation risk, and neither rewards nor voting create corporate equity or a fixed dividend.

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